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Sea cliffs exposing Mio-Pliocene coastal sediments.

The sea cliffs at Varkala expose the Warkalli Formation — Mio-Pliocene sands and clays — one of the few places on India’s coast where these rocks are laid open to view.

Sources

• Geological Survey of India — National Geological Monuments

A short reference note: this summary draws on third-party sources such as the Geological Survey of India and Wikipedia. In time I plan to give every geological feature its own learning-oriented write-up — with custom diagrams, graphs, and study pointers — as I’ve already done for the 11 locations that have an Instagram reel.