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The scarp-and-plateau range that traditionally divides the Indo-Gangetic north from the peninsular south.

The Vindhyas are less a single chain than a long line of scarps and plateaus capped by the Vindhyan Supergroup — sandstones, shales and limestones deposited in a shallow sea and barely altered since. Their hard, near-flat sandstone tops give the range its distinctive tabletop profile.

For centuries the Vindhyas, with the Narmada at their foot, marked the physical and cultural divide between northern India and the Deccan. The same rocks hold the diamond beds of Panna and the painted shelters of Bhimbetka.

Sources

• Geological Survey of India

A short reference note: this summary draws on third-party sources such as the Geological Survey of India and Wikipedia. In time I plan to give every geological feature its own learning-oriented write-up — with custom diagrams, graphs, and study pointers — as I’ve already done for the 11 locations that have an Instagram reel.